| A universal guide for China studiesChinese History - The Sixteen Kingdoms 五胡十六國 (300~430) |
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The Sixteen Kingdoms |  period before (Jin Dynasty)-- Southern Dynasties -- Northern Wei next period (Sui)  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  When the attacks of Northern Wei Dynasty (Beiwei 北魏) divided the empire of Later Yan (Houyan 後燕) into two territories, Murong De 慕容德 withdrew to the southern part and proclaimed himself King of (Southern) Yan (Nanyan 南燕) in 398, in 400 emperor. Although Murong De tried to establish a functioning administration, time was to short for efficient elaboration: Southern Yan was soon conquered by the Jin Dynasty 晉 armies (some histories say, Liu-Song 劉宋, because the leading general, Liu Yu 劉裕, was the founder of this successor dynasty of Jin). The Yan empire is named after the old feudal state of Yan 燕 during the Zhou Dynasty 周.  See also titles of rulers.Note: The rulers of the sideline dynasties are usually not called with their posthumous dynastic titles but with their personal names as they are not accepted as righteous rulers by official historiographies.
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