| A universal guide for China studiesChinese History - The Sixteen Kingdoms 五胡十六國 (300~430) |
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The Sixteen Kingdoms |  period before (Jin Dynasty)-- Southern Dynasties -- Northern Wei next period (Sui)  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  Zhang Gui 張軌 - an ethnic Chinese - was regional inspector (cishi 刺史) of Liangzhou 涼州 when he took the chance to exert a relative independent government in this north-western corner of the Chinese empire. His son was rewarded with the title of Duke of Xiping 西平公 by the emperors of Jin 晉 and therefore, their descendants saw themselves as loyal officials of the Jin Dynasty and were able to run a quiet peaceful government until the death of Zhang Chonghua 張重華. The following years saw political disturbances by inner quarrels that were only ended by the conquering Former Qin Dynasty (Qianqin 前秦). The name of the empire Liang 涼 is derived the prefecture Liangzhou 涼州.  See also titles of rulers.Note: The rulers of the sideline dynasties are usually not called with their posthumous dynastic titles but with their personal names as they are not accepted as righteous rulers by official historiographies.
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