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Chinese Literature - Gujinzhu

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Gujinzhu 古今注 "Commentary to old and new things"

Literature by A to Z
Literature by time
Literature by theme
Literature by Sibu
This small kind of encyclopedia was written by the Jin scholar Cui Bao 崔豹. It seems to be rather a compilation of explanations of interesting things for the author himself than for a wide public, but in many points, it shows the begin of an encyclopedial tradition in China.
The chapters of the Gujinzhu are:
1. Yufu 輿服 Chariots and Clothing
2. Duyi 都邑 Localities
3. Yinyue 音樂 Music
4. Niaoshou 鳥獸 Feathered and Hairy Animals
5. Yuchong 魚虫 Scaly Animals and Insects
6. Caomu 草木 Herbs and Plants
7. Zazhu 雜注 Miscellaneous
8. Wenda Shiyi 問答釋義 Questions and Answers to Explain Meanings
1.輿服
大章車,所以識道里也,起於西京.亦曰記(=計)里車.車上為二
層,皆有木人.行一里,下層擊鼓,行十里,上層擊鐲.
劍,漢世傳高祖折白蛇劍,長七尺.漢高祖為泗水亭長,送徒驪山,所提劍理應三尺耳.後富貴則得七尺寶劍,捨舊劍而服之.後漢之世,唯聞高祖以所佩之劍折白蛇,而高祖常佩此劍,便謂此劍即折蛇之劍也.
Chariots and Clothing
[...] With the Great Sign Cart, it is possible to know the distance (of a certain place) the Western Capital (Chang'an/modern Xi'an/Shaanxi). This cart is also called "League-measure Cart". Upon the cart, there are two layers with wooden figurines. After passing one league (approx. 1/2 km or 1/3 of a mile), the figurine of the lower layer beats a drum, after ten leagues, the upper figurine beats a bell. [...]
[...]Sword: For generations, the house of Han kept the White Snake sword of Emperor Han Gaozu, it is seven feet long. When Han Gaozu was maior of Sishui and had to guide punitives to the Lishan Mountain, he still had an official sword, three feet long. Later, when he bacame wealthy and rich, he obtained an expensive sword of seven feet and threw away the old one. Later, the many generations of the house of Han explained that Gaozu admired that sword because he had used it to behead a white snake. And because he honored this sword that much, it was called the "Snake Killer Sword".
2.都邑Wuzi said: In gernal the essentials of a battle are as follows. You must first attempt to divine the enemy’s general and evaluate his talent. In accord with the situation exploit the strategic imbalance of power; then you will not labour but will still achieve results. A commanding general who is stupid and trusting can be deceived and entrapped. One who is greedy and unconcerned about reputation can be given gifts and bribed. One who easily changes his mind and lacks real plans can be laboured and distressed. If the upper ranks are wealthy and arrogant while the lower ranks are poor and resentful, they can be separated and divided. If their advancing and withdrawing are often marked by doubt and the troops have no one to rely on, they can be shocked into running off. If the officers despise the commanding general and are intent on returning home, by blocking off the easy roads and leaving the treacherous ones open, they can be attacked and captured. If the terrain over which they advance is easy but the road for withdrawal difficult, they cn be forced to come forward. If the way to advance is difficult but the road for retreating easy, they can be pressed and attacked. If they encamp on low wetlands where there is no way for the water to dreain off, if heavy rain should fall several times, they can be flooded and drowned. If they make camp in a wild marsh or fields dense with a heavy tangle of grass and stalks, should violent wind frequently arise you can burn the fields and destroy them. If they remain encamped for a long time – the generals and officers growing lax and lazy, the army becoming unprepared – you can sneak up and spring a surprise attack…


Translated by Ralph D. Sawyer

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