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Chinese History - Zhou Dynasty 周代 (11th cent.-221 BC)

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Zhou Dynasty
Qin 秦

period before (Shang)
Zhou Dynasty
--Zhou feudal lords
next period (Qin)
Map and Geography I
Map and Geography II
Map and Geography III

The remote fiefdom of Qin was situated in an area surrounded by many Non-Chinese tribes in modern Shaanxi, but the rulers of Qin routed back their origin to Dafei 大費, a son of Nüxiu 女脩 who became pregnant after swallowing a black egg. Dafei is said to have assisted Yu the Great 大禹. Feizi 非子 was the first ruler of the territory of the rivers Wei 渭 and Qian 汧 officially enfeoffed by the king of Zhou 周 as ruler of Qin, but only Duke Xianggong 秦襄公 was accepted as a Chinese lord after he had helped King Zhou Pingwang 周平王 after his flight to the east at the begin of the Spring and Autumn (Chunqiu) 春秋 period. now on, Qin occupied the old territory of Zhou and controlled the whole west of old China. This was an ideal territory for the development of a state with military strength developed by continuous contact with belligerent nomad tribes and with enough resources for the supply of a cavalry. Qin permanently attacked Jin 晉 in modern Shanxi and Chu 楚 in modern Hubei after surpassing the Qinling mountains and occupying the territory the states of Ba and Shu 巴蜀 in modern Sichuan. After stagnations in the 7th century Qin made great improvements by the fiscal and administrative reforms of the legist advisor Shang Yang 商鞅 under Duke Xiao 秦孝公. The territory of Qin advanced more and more to the east, and in 288 King Zhaoxiang 秦昭襄王 called himself Emperor of the West (Xidi 西帝;Qi 齊 being empire of the east). Although Qin is several times heavily defeated by coalitions of several other Chinese states, like in 287 (coalition proposed by Su Qin 蘇秦 and Li Dui 李兌) and in 247 (proposed by Lord Xinling 信陵君 of Wei), Qin as a "wolf and tiger" among all the Warring States (Zhanguo) 戰國 is able to dethrone the Zhou kings and to subdue all other powerful states (the "Six States", Liuguo 六國: Qi 齊, Chu 楚, Zhao 趙, Wei 魏, Han 韓, Yan 燕; with Qin the "Seven ", Qixiong 七雄) until 221 when King Ying Zheng 嬴政 proclaims himself First Emperor of Qin (Qin Shihuangdi 秦始皇帝).
The name of the state of Qin and the Qin Dynasty was used by several Non-Chinese state foundations of the Non-Chinese Sixteen Kingdoms (Shiliuguo 十六國), and for princedoms of numerous other dynasties.

Rulers of Qin

Capitals: Xiquanqiu 西犬丘 (Xichui 西垂; near modern Tianshui 天水/Gansu), Pingyang 平陽 (near modern Baoji 寶雞/Shaanxi), Yong 雍 (modern Fengxiang 鳳翔/Shaanxi), Jingyang 涇陽/Shaanxi, Liyang 櫟陽 (near modern Gaoling 高陵/Shaanxi), Xianyang 咸陽/Shaanxi
Wulai, Ruler of Qin 秦惡來
Rufang (Nüfang), Ruler of Qin 秦女防
Panghao, Ruler of Qin 秦旁皋
Daji, Ruler of Qin 秦大几
Daluo, Ruler of Qin 秦大駱
Feizi, Ruler of Qin 秦非子
A Marquis of Qin 秦侯
Gong, Baron of Qin 秦公伯
An Elder of Qin 秦仲 (or Zhong, Ruler of Qin)845-822
Qin Zhuanggong 秦莊公821-778
Qin Xiangong 秦襄公777-766
Qin Wengong 秦文公765-716
Qin Ninggong 秦寧公715-704
Qin Chuzi 秦出子703-698
Qin Wugong 秦武公697-678
Qin Degong 秦德公677-676
Qin Xuangong 秦宣公675-664
Qin Chenggong 秦成公663-660
Qin Mugong 秦穆公 (Ying Renhao 嬴任好)659-621
Qin Kanggong 秦康公 (Ying Ying 嬴罃)620-609
Qin Gonggong 秦共公 (Ying He 嬴和)608-604
Qin Huangong 秦桓公 (Ying Rong 嬴榮)603-577
Qin Jinggong 秦景公 (Ying Hou 嬴后)576-537
Qin Aigong 秦哀公536-501
Qin Huigong 秦惠公500-491
Qin Daogong 秦悼公490-477
Qin Ligong 秦厲公 (Ying Gong 嬴公)476-443
Qin Zaogong 秦躁公442-429
Qin Huaigong 秦懷公428-425
Qin Linggong 秦靈公424-415
Qin Jiangong 秦簡公 (Ying Dao 嬴悼)414-400
Qin Huigong 秦惠公399-387
Qin Chugong 秦出公386-385
Qin Xiangong 秦獻公 (Ying Shixi 嬴師隰)384-362
Qin Xiaogong 秦孝公 (Ying Quliang 嬴渠梁)361-338
Qin Huiwenwang 秦惠文王 (Ying Si 嬴駟)337-311
Qin Wuwang 秦武王 (Ying Dang 嬴蕩)310-307
Qin Zhaoxiangwang 秦昭襄王 (Ying Ji 嬴稷)306-251
Qin Xiaowenwang 秦孝文王 (Ying Zhu 嬴柱)250
Qin Zhuangxiangwang 秦莊襄王 (Ying Chu 嬴楚)249-247
Qin Shihuangdi 秦始皇帝 (Ying Zheng 嬴政)

210 Qin conquers China

246/221-210

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