| A universal guide for China studiesChinese History - The Sixteen Kingdoms 五胡十六國 (300~430) |
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The Sixteen Kingdoms |  period before (Jin Dynasty)-- Southern Dynasties -- Northern Wei next period (Sui)  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 |  The kingdom of Northern Liang (Beiliang 北涼) was founded in the course of an uprising of the Xiongnu 匈奴 Juqu Mengsun 沮渠蒙遜 against the Later Liang (Houliang 後涼) ruler Lü Guang 呂光. Later, Mengsun rebelled against King Duan Ye 段業 and made himself Duke of Zhangyi 張掖公. The undertook several campaigns against Southern Liang (Nanliang 南涼) and conquered Guzang 姑臧, making himself King of Hexi 河西王. In 433, Mengsun was able to destroy the empire of Western Liang (Xiliang 西涼). His son Juqu Mujian 沮渠牧犍 surrendered to Northern Wei (Beiwei 北魏) in 439. Other sons of Juqu Mengsun fled to the west where they established the kingdom of Gaochang 高昌 that was destroyed by the Rouran 柔然 tribe in 460.  See also titles of rulers.Note: The rulers of the sideline dynasties are usually not called with their posthumous dynastic titles but with their personal names as they are not accepted as righteous rulers by official historiographies.
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